Compared with the mechanical continuous conveying device, the pneumatic conveying system is characterized by: the materials are completely enclosed during the conveying process, less affected by the climate and environment, good working conditions for workers, materials are not affected by moisture, dirt or impurities, high conveying efficiency, simple equipment structure, convenient maintenance and management, easy to realize automation and environmental protection.

南京翔瑞粉體工程有限公司的技術(shù)骨干，有著四十多年氣力輸送方面的經(jīng)驗，為石油、化工、醫(yī)藥、多晶硅、冶金等多個行業(yè)提供氣力輸送一站式服務(wù)。據(jù)翔瑞王工建議：氣力輸送又稱氣流輸送或風(fēng)送裝置，尤其是用于工廠車間內(nèi)部輸送時，可以將輸送過程和生產(chǎn)工藝相結(jié)合，這樣子有助于簡化工藝過程的設(shè)備。今天王工給大家簡單的介紹一下氣力輸送系統(tǒng)中的主要設(shè)備。

The technical backbone of Nanjing Xiangrui Powder Engineering Co., Ltd., with more than 40 years of experience in pneumatic conveying, provides one-stop pneumatic conveying services for petroleum, chemical, pharmaceutical, polysilicon, metallurgy and other industries. According to the suggestion of Xiangrui Wanggong, pneumatic conveying is also called air conveying or air conveying device, especially when it is used for internal conveying in the factory workshop, the conveying process and production process can be combined, which will help to simplify the equipment of the process. Today, Wanggong gives you a brief introduction to the main equipment in the pneumatic conveying system.

（一）、接料器和供料器

（1） , feeder and feeder

接料器和供料器是使物料與空氣混合并送入輸料管的一種設(shè)備，是風(fēng)送裝置的咽喉。供料器的結(jié)構(gòu)是否合理，直接影響整個風(fēng)送裝置的輸送能力、工作的穩(wěn)定性和能耗的高低。所以，如何根據(jù)裝置的不同工作條件，正確地設(shè)計和選用合理的供料器，是提高風(fēng)送工作效果的重要環(huán)節(jié)。

The feeder and feeder is a kind of equipment that mixes materials with air and sends them to the conveying pipe. It is the throat of the air conveying device. Whether the structure of the feeder is reasonable directly affects the conveying capacity, working stability and energy consumption of the whole air conveying device. Therefore, how to correctly design and select a reasonable feeder according to the different working conditions of the device is an important link to improve the working effect of air supply.

對供料器結(jié)構(gòu)的要求是：

The requirements for feeder structure are:

一，物料和空氣在供料器中應(yīng)能充分混合，即要使空氣從物料的下方引入，又能使物料均勻地散落在氣流中，并被氣流帶走，這樣才能有效地發(fā)揮氣流的懸浮或推動作用，防止堵料、積料。

1、 The materials and air shall be fully mixed in the feeder, that is, the air shall be introduced from below the materials, and the materials shall be evenly scattered in the air flow and taken away by the air flow, so as to effectively play the role of suspension or promotion of the air flow and prevent blocking and accumulation of materials.

二，供料器的結(jié)構(gòu)要使空氣能平穩(wěn)地進(jìn)入，不致產(chǎn)生過分的擾動和渦流，以減少空氣流動的阻力損失。

2、 The structure of the feeder shall enable the air to enter smoothly without excessive disturbance and vortex, so as to reduce the resistance loss of air flow.

三，要使進(jìn)入氣流的物料盡可能與氣流的流動方向相一致，避免逆向進(jìn)料。在某些情況下，要使物料減速，或利用其沖力使其轉(zhuǎn)向，這樣，可以降低氣流推動物料的能量消耗。

3、 The materials entering the air flow shall be consistent with the flow direction of the air flow as far as possible, and reverse feeding shall be avoided. In some cases, it is necessary to decelerate the material or use its impulse to make it turn. In this way, the energy consumption of the material driven by the air flow can be reduced.

（二）、輸料管及彎頭

（2） , feeding pipe and elbow

輸料管是用來輸送物料和空氣混合物的管道，它通常連接在供料器和卸料器之間。輸料管采用圓形截面，可使氣流在整個截面上容易均勻分布，同時，其阻力亦比其他形狀的管子小，相對而言制造、安裝也較方便。

The conveying pipe is a pipe used to convey the mixture of materials and air. It is usually connected between the feeder and the unloader. The material conveying pipe adopts a circular section, which makes the air flow easy to be evenly distributed on the whole section. At the same time, its resistance is smaller than that of other shapes of pipes, and it is relatively convenient for manufacturing and installation.

輸料管一般由若干段連接而成。為減少阻力損失，通常要求輸料管道內(nèi)部光滑，無臺階。因此，各個管道連接處的連接工藝尤為重要。為便于安裝，輸料管可按穿過樓層的數(shù)目相應(yīng)地分為若干管段，并使每個管段長度與所在樓層的高度相等。在安裝時，各管段借固定在其上端的角鋼法蘭支持在上層的樓板上，在整個輸料管校正垂直后，與樓板固定。

The feeding pipe is generally formed by connecting several sections. In order to reduce the resistance loss, it is usually required that the inside of the conveying pipeline is smooth without steps. Therefore, the connection process at each pipe connection is particularly important. In order to facilitate installation, the feeding pipe can be divided into several pipe sections according to the number of floors crossed, and the length of each pipe section shall be equal to the height of the floor. During installation, each pipe section is supported on the upper floor slab by the angle steel flange fixed on its upper end, and is fixed with the floor slab after the whole material conveying pipe is corrected to be vertical.

輸料管的連接要注意嚴(yán)密不漏氣，內(nèi)部要平整光滑,要盡可能對中，防止錯位。輸料管的磨損，或者管道對物料的磨蝕一般認(rèn)為是風(fēng)運(yùn)中比較突出的問題，實標(biāo)上這主要產(chǎn)生于水平或傾斜管道，以及彎頭和變形管等部分。垂直的輸料管，磨損相對較小。

The connection of the feeding pipe shall be tight without air leakage, and the interior shall be flat and smooth. It shall be centered as far as possible to prevent dislocation. The abrasion of the conveying pipe or the abrasion of the pipe to the material is generally considered to be a prominent problem in air transportation. In fact, it mainly occurs in horizontal or inclined pipes, elbows and deformed pipes. The wear of the vertical feeding pipe is relatively small.

由于磨損是物料與壁面不斷摩擦或碰撞引起的，所以物料的粒度越大、硬度越高、速度越快，摩擦和碰撞的能量就越大，磨損就越嚴(yán)重。磨損的快慢大致與輸送氣流速度的冪次方成正比。另外，濃度越大，摩擦或碰撞次數(shù)越多，磨損亦越嚴(yán)重。減少磨損的辦法，是要合理設(shè)計輸料管，盡量減少彎頭、水平段和傾斜段；要保持輸料管，不變形，連接處要對中，盡量減少管道內(nèi)部的臺階和錯位。必要時可在容易磨損的部位加襯耐磨材料。

As the wear is caused by the constant friction or collision between the material and the wall, the larger the particle size, the higher the hardness and the faster the speed of the material, the greater the energy of friction and collision, and the more serious the wear. The wear rate is approximately proportional to the power of the conveying air velocity. In addition, the higher the concentration, the more times of friction or collision, and the more serious the wear. The way to reduce wear is to reasonably design the feeding pipe and try to reduce elbows, horizontal sections and inclined sections; The feeding pipe shall be kept free of deformation, and the connection shall be centered to minimize the steps and dislocation inside the pipe. If necessary, wear-resistant materials can be lined at the easily worn parts.

（三）卸料器與閉風(fēng)器

（3） Tripper and air shutter

1．卸料器

1. unloader

卸料器是使物料從氣流中分離出來的設(shè)備。對它的要求是：

Unloader is a device that separates materials from air flow. The requirements for it are:

一，分離效率要高。這對顆粒狀物料如塑料粒子、小麥、稻谷等來說，是比較容易做到的，但對粉狀的物料，要完全分離就較困難。

1、 Separation efficiency should be high. This is easy for granular materials such as plastic particles, wheat and rice, but it is difficult for powdery materials to be completely separated.

二，性能要穩(wěn)定。即當(dāng)輸送條件稍有變化時 (例如風(fēng)量或濃度發(fā)生變化 )，也要具有穩(wěn)定的分離能力。

2、 The performance should be stable. That is, when the conveying conditions change slightly (for example, the air volume or concentration changes), it should also have a stable separation capacity.

三，結(jié)構(gòu)要簡單，體積要緊湊。容易磨損的部位能拆卸更換，檢查維修要方便。另外可在管道中布置透明視鏡，以便觀察和操作。

3、 The structure should be simple and the volume should be compact. The easily worn parts can be removed and replaced, and the inspection and maintenance shall be convenient. In addition, transparent mirrors can be arranged in the pipeline for observation and operation.

四，對于分離顆粒的卸料器，要具有“一風(fēng)多用”的作用。即不僅能卸出顆粒，而且還能把其中的灰塵和輕雜質(zhì)分離出來。根據(jù)用途的不同，卸料器可分為粉狀物料卸料器和粒狀物料卸料器。粉狀物料卸料器通常采用旋風(fēng)除塵器。

4、 The unloader for separating particles shall have the function of "one air for multiple purposes". That is, it can not only unload the particles, but also separate the dust and light impurities. According to different uses, the unloader can be divided into powder material unloader and granular material unloader. The powder material unloader usually adopts cyclone.

2.閉風(fēng)器

2. air shutter

閉風(fēng)器又名星型卸料器、卸灰閥、關(guān)風(fēng)機(jī)、旋轉(zhuǎn)給料器、旋轉(zhuǎn)閥,通常閉風(fēng)器的結(jié)構(gòu)是由帶有數(shù)片葉片的轉(zhuǎn)子葉輪,殼體,密封件及減速器,電動機(jī)等組成.進(jìn)出口法蘭的為方型或圓型.閉風(fēng)器一般都安裝在除塵器灰料下部，為保證連接處的嚴(yán)密不漏風(fēng)，上部應(yīng)經(jīng)常保持（儲存）一定高度的物料。

The air shutter is also known as star unloader, ash discharge valve, air shutter, rotary feeder and rotary valve. Generally, the structure of the air shutter is composed of rotor impeller with several blades, shell, seals, reducer, motor, etc The inlet and outlet flanges are square or round The air shutter is generally installed at the lower part of the dust collector. In order to ensure the tightness of the connection without air leakage, the upper part should always maintain (store) a certain height of materials.

星型卸料器(亦稱剛性輪給料機(jī)，星型下料器，關(guān)風(fēng)器，旋轉(zhuǎn)給料機(jī)、旋轉(zhuǎn)閥等)被廣泛應(yīng)用于化工、醫(yī)藥、糧食、建材，冶金，電力等行業(yè)，作為各類除塵設(shè)備的料斗卸料裝置，它依靠物料的重力作用及給料機(jī)工作機(jī)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)制作用，將倉內(nèi)的物料卸出并連續(xù)均勻地喂入下一裝置中去。也可作為各種磨機(jī)，烘干機(jī)，料倉等設(shè)備的給卸料裝置，適用于干燥粉狀和小顆狀物料。

Star unloader (also known as rigid wheel feeder, star unloader, air shutter, rotary feeder, rotary valve, etc.) is widely used in chemical industry, medicine, grain, building materials, metallurgy, electric power and other industries. As a hopper unloading device of various dust removal equipment, it unloads the materials in the bin and feeds them to the next device continuously and evenly depending on the gravity of the materials and the forced action of the feeder working mechanism. It can also be used as a feeding and unloading device for various mills, dryers, silos and other equipment, and is suitable for drying powdery and small particle materials.

氣力輸送設(shè)備將物料加到具有一定速度的空氣氣流中，構(gòu)成懸浮的混合物，通過管道輸送到目的地，然后將物料從氣流中分離出來卸出。氣力輸送設(shè)備主要用于輸送粉狀、粒狀及塊度不大干20-30mm的小塊物料，有時也輸送成件物品。對于不同物料，選擇不同的風(fēng)速，既要保證物料在管道內(nèi)能向前運(yùn)行，不堵塞管道，又要盡可能多地輸送物料，做到既經(jīng)濟(jì)又合理。

Pneumatic conveying equipment will add materials to the air flow with a certain speed to form a suspended mixture, which will be transported to the destination through the pipeline, and then the materials will be separated from the air flow and unloaded. Pneumatic conveying equipment is mainly used to convey powdery, granular and small pieces of materials with a dry size of 20-30mm, and sometimes into pieces. For different materials, different wind speeds shall be selected to ensure that the materials can move forward in the pipeline without blocking the pipeline, and to transport as many materials as possible, so as to be economical and reasonable.