1、 Working principle of Roots blower

羅茨風(fēng)機(jī)是一種容積式回轉(zhuǎn)高壓風(fēng)機(jī)，以發(fā)明人美國(guó)羅茨兄弟的姓氏命名。羅茨風(fēng)機(jī)有兩個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)子，在電機(jī)帶動(dòng)下，兩個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)子會(huì)相向轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)進(jìn)氣口之后，兩個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)子和墻板及機(jī)殼之間會(huì)形成一個(gè)密封的腔室，轉(zhuǎn)子繼續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，密封腔室里面的空氣會(huì)被壓入排氣口，如此反復(fù)經(jīng)過(guò)進(jìn)氣口和排氣口，可以不斷地將外界空氣吸入又排出。兩轉(zhuǎn)子相互之間、兩轉(zhuǎn)子與機(jī)殼及側(cè)蓋板之間，既要保證相互不發(fā)生碰撞，又要保證不因間隙過(guò)大影響效率。兩轉(zhuǎn)子運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中始終保持微小間隙，使排出的氣體盡量不返回進(jìn)氣室。

Roots blower is a positive displacement rotary high-pressure blower, named after the inventor of the American Roots Brothers. Roots blower has two rotors. Driven by the motor, the two rotors will rotate in opposite directions. When the rotor rotates through the air inlet, a sealed chamber will be formed between the two rotors, the wall panel and the casing. The rotor continues to rotate, and the air in the sealed chamber will be pressed into the exhaust port. In this way, the outside air can be continuously inhaled and discharged through the air inlet and exhaust port repeatedly. Between the two rotors, between the two rotors and the casing and the side cover plate, it is necessary to ensure that there is no collision with each other and that the efficiency is not affected by excessive clearance. Keep a small gap between the two rotors during operation, so that the exhaust gas will not return to the inlet chamber as much as possible.

其特點(diǎn)為輸出的風(fēng)量與回轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)成正比，當(dāng)風(fēng)機(jī)出口壓力變化時(shí)，輸送的風(fēng)量并沒(méi)有顯著變化。羅茨風(fēng)機(jī)有較高的壓強(qiáng)，壓力在一百千帕以下時(shí)，效率遠(yuǎn)超空壓機(jī)，用途非常廣泛，是污水處理、氣力輸送、曝氣增氧重要?dú)庠丛O(shè)備。

Its characteristic is that the output air volume is proportional to the rotation number. When the fan outlet pressure changes, the delivered air volume does not change significantly. Roots blower has a high pressure. When the pressure is below 100 kPa, its efficiency is far higher than that of air compressor. It has a wide range of uses. It is an important air source equipment for sewage treatment, pneumatic transmission, aeration and oxygenation.

二、羅茨風(fēng)機(jī)常見(jiàn)的故障類型

2、 Common fault types of Roots blower

根據(jù)我們錦工多年維修經(jīng)驗(yàn)總結(jié)，羅茨鼓風(fēng)機(jī)故障的常見(jiàn)原因主要包括斷軸、軸承損壞、機(jī)組振動(dòng)大、轉(zhuǎn)子卡死、軸封泄漏等等。

According to our years of maintenance experience, the common causes of roots blower failures mainly include broken shaft, bearing damage, large unit vibration, rotor seizure, shaft seal leakage, etc.

1、羅茨風(fēng)機(jī)故障原因分析

1. Cause Analysis of Roots Blower Failure

轉(zhuǎn)子與機(jī)殼或轉(zhuǎn)子間摩擦是羅茨鼓風(fēng)機(jī)的常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題，若在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中顯示此問(wèn)題，可能有著比較嚴(yán)重的機(jī)械振動(dòng)與噪音。羅茨鼓風(fēng)機(jī)經(jīng)過(guò)較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間停機(jī)后，頻頻出現(xiàn)葉輪卡澀的現(xiàn)象，錦工風(fēng)機(jī)把問(wèn)題的主要原因梳理為以下幾大類。

Friction between rotor and casing or between rotors is a common problem of Roots blower. If this problem is shown during operation, there may be serious mechanical vibration and noise. After the Roots blower has been shut down for a long time, the impeller jam frequently occurs. The main causes of the problem are classified into the following categories.

（1）轉(zhuǎn)子分葉、合葉間隙有問(wèn)題

(1) There is a problem with the clearance of rotor split and hinge

轉(zhuǎn)子的分葉、合葉間隙有問(wèn)題，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中分葉、合葉間隙發(fā)生改變。兩轉(zhuǎn)子在低速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的時(shí)候會(huì)出現(xiàn)撞擊，導(dǎo)致轉(zhuǎn)子間摩擦甚卡阻。

There is a problem with the clearance between the split and hinge of the rotor, and the clearance between the split and hinge changes during operation. Two rotors will collide when rotating at low speed, resulting in friction and even jamming between rotors.

一旦運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中出現(xiàn)此機(jī)械故障，會(huì)使兩轉(zhuǎn)子間或轉(zhuǎn)子與機(jī)殼出現(xiàn)撞擊，發(fā)出強(qiáng)力的撞擊聲；產(chǎn)生振動(dòng)變大，甚能引起基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)生振動(dòng)；同時(shí)摩擦部位溫度在短時(shí)間內(nèi)升高，甚出現(xiàn)機(jī)殼發(fā)熱燒紅現(xiàn)象。

Once this mechanical failure occurs during operation, it will make the two rotors collide with each other or with the casing, making a strong impact sound; The vibration will become larger, and even cause the foundation to vibrate; At the same time, the temperature of the friction part increases in a short time, and even the case is hot and red.

（2）軸承損壞

(2) Bearing damage

風(fēng)機(jī)運(yùn)行工況差、油封損壞、裝配間隙超標(biāo)等都會(huì)導(dǎo)致軸承損壞，而軸承損壞會(huì)造成溫度升高，軸承座溫度也會(huì)增加，嚴(yán)重時(shí)會(huì)使軸承座變形。

Poor fan operating conditions, oil seal damage, excessive assembly clearance, etc. will cause bearing damage, while bearing damage will cause temperature rise, bearing seat temperature will also increase, and in serious cases, the bearing seat will be deformed.

特別是軸承內(nèi)外圈抱死時(shí)，軸承座與側(cè)蓋板受到較大的額外力，溫度也會(huì)很高，軸承座與側(cè)蓋板受熱不均，嚴(yán)重時(shí)造成側(cè)蓋板變形，出現(xiàn)裂紋。

Especially when the inner and outer rings of the bearing are locked, the bearing seat and the side cover plate will be subjected to a large amount of extra force, and the temperature will also be very high. The bearing seat and the side cover plate will be heated unevenly, which will cause the side cover plate to deform and crack in serious cases.

軸徑磨損，使軸與軸承內(nèi)圈間隙過(guò)大，軸承座磨損使軸承座與軸承外圈間隙過(guò)大，都會(huì)造成轉(zhuǎn)子卡澀或摩擦。特別是皮帶連接的風(fēng)機(jī)，主動(dòng)軸由于受皮帶拉力的作用，致使軸承座單向受力較大，容易出現(xiàn)皮帶側(cè)主動(dòng)軸的軸承座單邊磨損。

The wear of the shaft diameter causes excessive clearance between the shaft and the bearing inner race, and the wear of the bearing seat causes excessive clearance between the bearing seat and the bearing outer race, which will cause the rotor to jam or friction. Especially for the fan connected by the belt, the driving shaft is subject to the action of the belt tension, resulting in a large one-way force on the bearing seat, which is prone to unilateral wear of the bearing seat of the driving shaft on the belt side.

（3）齒輪磨損

(3) Gear wear

齒輪磨損，齒輪側(cè)間隙增大，將造成兩轉(zhuǎn)子位置發(fā)生變化，使主動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)子與從動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)子之間合葉間隙變小、分葉間隙增大，引起兩轉(zhuǎn)子互相碰撞、摩擦。

Gear wear and gear side clearance increase will cause the position of the two rotors to change, which will reduce the clearance between the driving rotor and the driven rotor and increase the clearance between the lobes, causing the two rotors to collide and rub with each other.

（4）轉(zhuǎn)子或殼體變形

(4) Deformation of rotor or housing

如果轉(zhuǎn)子或者殼體變形，會(huì)使轉(zhuǎn)子外徑與機(jī)殼的間隙過(guò)小，造成轉(zhuǎn)子摩擦和卡澀。

If the rotor or housing is deformed, the clearance between the outer diameter of the rotor and the housing will be too small, resulting in friction and jamming of the rotor.

轉(zhuǎn)子端面與側(cè)蓋板間隙小

Small clearance between rotor end face and side cover plate

如果轉(zhuǎn)子與側(cè)蓋板間隙過(guò)小，有雜物擠進(jìn)轉(zhuǎn)子與側(cè)蓋板間；或軸向定位軸承磨損后，轉(zhuǎn)子的軸向竄量變大，都造成轉(zhuǎn)子與側(cè)蓋板發(fā)生摩擦，引起轉(zhuǎn)子卡澀。

If the clearance between the rotor and the side cover plate is too small, there are sundries squeezed between the rotor and the side cover plate; Or after the axial positioning bearing is worn, the axial displacement of the rotor becomes larger, which causes friction between the rotor and the side cover plate, causing the rotor to jam.

2、羅茨風(fēng)機(jī)故障處理方式

2. Troubleshooting of Roots blower

（1）調(diào)節(jié)分合葉間隙

(1) Adjust the clearance of the split blade

用塞尺檢查轉(zhuǎn)子分、合葉間隙值，使其在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范圍內(nèi)。檢查調(diào)節(jié)間隙的背帽與螺栓，保證其完好性。

Use a feeler gauge to check the clearance value of rotor split and hinge to make it within the standard range. Check the back cap and bolt for adjusting the clearance to ensure its integrity.

要求：分葉間隙占總間隙的 1/3，但不小于 0.15mm；合葉間隙占總間隙的 2/3，且要大于齒輪側(cè)隙 1.5 倍。

Requirements: the split clearance accounts for 1/3 of the total clearance, but not less than 0.15mm; Hinge clearance accounts for 2/3 of the total clearance and is 1.5 times larger than the gear side clearance.

合葉為主動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)子的嚙合面向被動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)子有靠近的趨勢(shì)；分葉為主動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)子的嚙合面向被動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)子有遠(yuǎn)離的趨勢(shì)。若轉(zhuǎn)子分、合葉間隙不合適，可調(diào)整齒套與輪轂或齒輪與軸的周向相對(duì)角度。

The meshing face of the active rotor is close to the passive rotor; The meshing face of the active rotor is far away from the passive rotor. If the clearance between the rotor split and hinge blades is not appropriate, the circumferential relative angle between the gear sleeve and the hub or between the gear and the shaft can be adjusted.

轉(zhuǎn)子分葉、合葉的調(diào)整是羅茨風(fēng)機(jī)檢修的關(guān)鍵部分，直接決定著檢修質(zhì)量的好壞。不同類型的羅茨風(fēng)機(jī)，有不同的調(diào)節(jié)形式。軸與齒輪為錐型無(wú)鍵連接時(shí)，一般通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)軸與齒輪周向相對(duì)位置；軸與齒輪為鍵連接時(shí)，一般通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)從動(dòng)齒輪與輪轂的相對(duì)位置。

The adjustment of rotor blades and hinges is the key part of Roots blower maintenance, which directly determines the quality of maintenance. Different types of Roots fans have different adjustment forms. When the shaft and gear are connected in a tapered keyless way, the relative circumferential position of the shaft and gear is generally adjusted; When the shaft and gear are keyed, the relative position between the driven gear and the hub is generally adjusted.

風(fēng)機(jī)正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)程中，隨著齒輪磨損，間隙都會(huì)地發(fā)生變化，其中合葉間隙趨向減小，分葉間隙趨向增大。在調(diào)整兩葉輪的工作間隙時(shí)，應(yīng)預(yù)先將合葉間隙適當(dāng)調(diào)大，一般合葉間隙是分葉間隙的 2 倍。

During the normal operation of the fan, the clearance will change with the wear of the gear. The clearance of the hinge tends to decrease and the clearance of the split tends to increase. When adjusting the working clearance of the two impellers, the hinge clearance should be appropriately increased in advance. Generally, the hinge clearance is 2 times of the split clearance.

葉輪間隙調(diào)整時(shí)，將葉片轉(zhuǎn)到與水平方向呈 45° 的位置，此時(shí)兩葉輪的間隙即為分葉或合葉間隙。

When adjusting the impeller clearance, first turn the blade to a position 45 ° from the horizontal direction. At this time, the clearance between the two impellers is the split or combined blade clearance.

現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié)時(shí)，一般用同樣厚度的塞尺固定在兩轉(zhuǎn)子間，并將兩轉(zhuǎn)子固定，再裝入主動(dòng)齒輪，并將從動(dòng)齒輪的標(biāo)記對(duì)準(zhǔn)主動(dòng)齒的標(biāo)記壓入軸上，依次裝上齒輪擋圈，止動(dòng)墊圈和緊固螺帽。調(diào)整好后再用塞尺測(cè)量分葉間隙與合葉間隙的實(shí)際大小，如不合適重新調(diào)整，直到符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

During field adjustment, generally use a feeler gauge of the same thickness to fix between the two rotors, fix the two rotors, and then install the driving gear, align the mark of the driven gear with the mark of the driving gear and press it onto the shaft, and then install the gear retainer ring, stop washer and fastening nut in turn. After adjustment, use a feeler gauge to measure the actual size of the split clearance and the hinge clearance. If it is not suitable, readjust it until it meets the standard.

（2）更換軸承

(2) Replace bearing

檢查側(cè)蓋板是否變形有裂紋。變形不嚴(yán)重，可打磨高點(diǎn)；變形嚴(yán)重則更換側(cè)蓋板；如有裂紋，可進(jìn)行補(bǔ)焊。

Check whether the side cover plate is deformed or cracked. The deformation is not serious, and the high point can be polished; If the deformation is serious, replace the side cover plate; If there are cracks, repair welding can be carried out.

檢查軸承座與軸徑是否磨損。如果軸磨損，一般進(jìn)行補(bǔ)焊；如果軸承座磨損，單獨(dú)的軸承座一般更換新件，不進(jìn)行修理；軸承座與側(cè)蓋板為一體時(shí)，則補(bǔ)焊軸承座，使其配合間隙達(dá)到技術(shù)要求。

Check whether the bearing seat and shaft diameter are worn. If the shaft is worn, repair welding is generally carried out; If the bearing seat is worn, the separate bearing seat is generally replaced with a new one without repair; When the bearing seat and the side cover plate are integrated, the bearing seat shall be repaired and welded to make its fit clearance meet the technical requirements.

（3）檢查齒側(cè)間隙，更換齒輪

(3) Check the backlash and replace the gear

用紅丹粉檢查齒輪嚙合部位的接觸面積。檢查齒側(cè)間隙的方法有打表法、塞尺法、壓鉛絲法。

Check the contact area of the gear engagement part with red lead powder. The methods of checking the backlash at the tooth side include marking method, feeler gauge method and pressing lead wire method.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求：側(cè)隙 0.10~0.18mm、嚙合部位在齒面中部，齒表接觸面積沿齒高方向不小于 50%，沿齒寬方向不小于 70%。若檢測(cè)結(jié)果不符合要求，需更換齒輪。

Standard requirements: the backlash is 0.10~0.18mm, the meshing part is in the middle of the tooth surface, the contact area of the tooth surface is not less than 50% along the direction of the tooth height, and not less than 70% along the direction of the tooth width. If the test results do not meet the requirements, the gear needs to be replaced.

（4）用塞尺測(cè)量轉(zhuǎn)子與殼體的間隙

(4) Measure the clearance between rotor and housing with feeler gauge

轉(zhuǎn)子與殼體間隙的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范圍為 0.3~0.6 mm?，F(xiàn)場(chǎng)檢修時(shí)一般測(cè)量 6 點(diǎn)間隙，每個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)子的上下與水平方向，如圖所示。

The standard range of clearance between rotor and shell is 0.3~0.6 mm. During on-site maintenance, generally measure the clearance at 6 points, the upper and lower and horizontal directions of each rotor, as shown in the figure.

變形較小可以進(jìn)行打磨處理；變形較大或轉(zhuǎn)子與殼體出現(xiàn)裂紋，應(yīng)及時(shí)報(bào)廢。

Small deformation can be polished; In case of large deformation or cracks in rotor and shell, it shall be scrapped in time.

（5）清理轉(zhuǎn)子端面與側(cè)蓋板

(5) Clean the rotor end face and side cover plate

用塞尺法檢測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)子端面與機(jī)殼的軸向間隙。定位端（ 齒輪側(cè)）間隙d=0.1~0.2 mm，非定位端（ 皮帶輪側(cè)）間隙c=0.3~0.5 mm，總間隙的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是 0.4~0.7mm。

Use the feeler gauge method to measure the axial clearance between the rotor end face and the casing. The clearance at the locating end (gear side) d=0.1~0.2 mm, the clearance at the non-locating end (pulley side) c=0.3~0.5 mm, and the standard of the total clearance is 0.4~0.7 mm.

不同類型的羅茨風(fēng)機(jī)在不同工況下端隙不同，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)檢修時(shí)按各自檢修標(biāo)準(zhǔn)調(diào)整。若單側(cè)間隙不合適，可通過(guò)加、減軸承調(diào)整墊片調(diào)整；若總間隙不合適，可通過(guò)加、減側(cè)蓋板結(jié)合面的調(diào)整墊片調(diào)整，但墊片厚度一般不超過(guò) 1mm。用推軸法測(cè)量轉(zhuǎn)子的軸向竄量，竄量標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 0.05~0.10mm， 若超過(guò)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值的 1.5 倍，則更換軸承。

The end clearance of different types of Roots fans is different under different working conditions, and shall be adjusted according to their respective maintenance standards during on-site maintenance. If the unilateral clearance is not appropriate, it can be adjusted by adding or removing bearing adjusting shims; If the total clearance is not appropriate, it can be adjusted by adding or removing the adjusting shims on the joint surface of the side cover plate, but the thickness of the shims generally does not exceed 1mm. Measure the axial displacement of the rotor with the shaft pushing method. The displacement standard is 0.05~0.10mm. If it exceeds 1.5 times the maximum value of the standard, replace the bearing.

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